The method was developed within the economics and environmental science literatures (Kristoufek, 2015, 2018 Kristoufek and Ferreira, 2018) and is beginning to be applied in other scientific domains. Multiscale Regression Analysis (MRA) is a promising new tool for the analysis of bivariate time series that is based on Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression. Experimental and perhaps clinical procedures should be revised to allow participants to self-select foot placement during postural tasks.
The implication is that improvements in postural control were due primarily to self-selection of foot placement and not to adjustments in stance width. A dynamical measure, the largest Lyapunov exponent, supported the finding that self-selection of foot placement serves to stabilize posture. Self-selection served to decrease AP sway for the AP stance and increase ML sway for both the AP and ML stances. When foot placement was self-selected, participants recruited additional degrees of freedom by rotating both feet outward to expand the base of support they narrowed their stance width in the AP stance only. Greater sway was observed for the AP stance than the ML stance, where sway was minimal. Foot placement was either experimenter-controlled or selected by the participant. The focus of this study was to investigate foot placement strategies in the tandem (anteroposterior, AP) and side-to-side (mediolateral, ML) stance in healthy adults. The common practice of standardizing foot placement in postural research and in clinical practice may serve to increase postural sway.
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